Igama lekhemikhali lei-acetic acidi-acetic acid, ifomula yamakhemikhali engu-CH3COOH, futhi okuqukethwe okungu-99% kwe-acetic acid kucwebezela kusimo seqhwa ngaphansi kuka-16 ° C, okubuye kwaziwe nge-glacial acetic acid. I-acetic acid ayinambala, iyancibilika emanzini, ingaxubana namanzi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye, iguquguqukayo, i-asidi ephilayo ebuthakathaka.
Njenge-asidi ephilayo, i-acetic acid ayisetshenziswa nje kuphela ekuhlanganiseni izinto eziphilayo, embonini yamakhemikhali ephilayo, ekudleni, emithini nakwezinye izimboni, kodwa futhi isetshenziswa embonini yokuwasha nokudaya.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-acetic embonini yokuwasha nokudaya
01
Umsebenzi wokuqedwa kwe-Acid we-acetic acid ekususeni amabala
I-acetic acid njenge-organic uviniga, ingancibilikisa i-tannic acid, isithelo se-asidi nezinye izici ze-organic acid, amabala otshani, amabala ejusi (njengezithukuthuku zezithelo, ijusi yekhabe, ijusi katamatisi, ijusi yesiphuzo esithambile, njll.), amabala emithi, upelepele uwoyela namanye amabala, lawa mabala aqukethe izithako ze-organic uviniga, i-acetic acid njenge-stain remover, ingasusa izithako ze-organic acid emabala, ngokuqondene nezithako ze-pigment emabala, Bese ngokwelashwa kwe-oxidative bleaching, konke kungasuswa.
02
I-Acid-base neutralization ye-acetic acid embonini yokuwasha nokudaya
I-acetic acid ngokwayo ine-asidi ebuthakathaka futhi ingancishiswa ngezisekelo.
(1) Ekususeni amabala ngamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sakhiwo kungasusa amabala ane-alkaline, njengamabala ekhofi, amabala etiye, namanye amabala ezidakamizwa.
(2) Ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-acetic acid ne-alkali nakho kungabuyisela ukuguquguquka kwezingubo okubangelwa ithonya le-alkali.
(3) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ebuthakathaka ye-acetic acid nakho kungasheshisa ukusabela kokukhanya kwe-bleach yokunciphisa inqubo yokuhlanza, ngoba i-bleach ethile yokunciphisa ingasheshisa ukubola ngaphansi kwezimo zikaviniga futhi ikhulule isici esimhlophe, ngakho-ke, ukulungisa inani le-PH yesisombululo sokuhlanza nge-acetic acid ingasheshisa inqubo yokuhlanza.
(4) I-asidi ye-acetic isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-asidi ne-alkali yendwangu yokugqoka, futhi impahla yokugqoka iphathwa nge-asidi, engabuyisela isimo esithambile sempahla yokugqoka.
(5) Indwangu ye-Wool fibre, inqubo yoku-ayina, ngenxa yokushisa kwe-ironing iphezulu kakhulu, okuholela ekulimaleni kwe-wool fibre, isenzakalo se-aurora, nge-acetic acid ehlanjululwe ingabuyisela izicubu zoboya, ngakho-ke, i-acetic acid nayo ingabhekana nezingubo. ngenxa ye-ironing aurora phenomenon.
03
Odayi abancibilika emanzini abaqukethe i-hydroxyl kanye namaqembu e-sulfonic acid, izindwangu ze-fiber ezinokumelana okungalungile kwe-alkali (njengosilika, i-rayon, uboya), ngaphansi kwesimo seviniga, kuvumelana nombala nokulungiswa kombala wezintambo.
Ngakho-ke, ezinye izingubo ezinokumelana okungalungile kwe-alkaline kanye nokufiphala kalula enkambisweni yokugeza zingafakwa esilinganisweni esincane se-acetic esikhumbeni sokuhlanza izingubo ukulungisa umbala wezingubo.
Kusukela kulo mbono, i-acetic acid isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokuwasha nokudaya, kodwa ohlelweni lokufaka isicelo kufanele futhi inake lezi zindaba ezilandelayo.
Ezindwangu eziqukethe i-acetic acid fibers, uma usebenzisa i-acetic acid ukususa amabala, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ukunaka ukugxila kwe-acetic acid akuphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-acetate fiber yenziwe ngokhuni, uboya bekotini nezinye izinto ze-cellulosic kanye ne-acetic acid ne-acetate, ukumelana kabi noviniga, i-asidi eqinile ingakwazi ukwehlisa i-acetate fiber. Lapho amabala efakwa emicu ye-acetate nezindwangu eziqukethe imicu ye-acetate, amaphuzu amabili kufanele aqashelwe:
(1) Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwe-acetic acid kungama-28%.
(2) Amaconsi okuhlola kufanele enziwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ungashisi lapho esetshenziswa, hashaza ngokushesha ngemva kokusetshenziswa noma unciphise nge-alkali ebuthakathaka.
Izinyathelo zokusebenzisa i-acetic acid zimi kanje:
(1) Gwema ukuthintana namehlo, uma uthintana ne-asidi evundile eningi, hlambulula ngokushesha ngamanzi.
(2) Ukuthintana nezinsimbi zensimbi kufanele kugwenywe ukukhiqiza ukugqwala.
(3) Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuhambisana kwezidakamizwa ze-alkali kungenzeka ukusabela kokungathathi hlangothi nokwehluleka.
(4) Ukusabela okungalungile kwe-acetic acid kuyacasula, futhi kugqwala esikhunjeni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ezindaweni ezigxile kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-21-2024