Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokushoda okwandayo kwemithombo yezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokuwohloka kwendawo ehlala abantu, ukusetshenziswa kahle nokusimeme kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo njenge-biomass sekugxilwe ocwaningweni nokunaka kososayensi emhlabeni jikelele. I-asidi ye-Formic, okungenye yemikhiqizo eyinhloko ekwenziweni kabusha kwe-biorefining, inezici zokushibhile nokutholakala kalula, ezingenabuthi, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, okuvuselelekayo nokuwohlokayo, njll. Ukuyisebenzisa ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla amasha nasekuguquleni amakhemikhali akusizi nje kuphela iqhubeke yandise inkambu yokusetshenziswa kwe-formic acid, kodwa futhi isiza ekuxazululeni ezinye izinkinga ezivamile ze-bottleneck kubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo be-biorefining. Leli phepha libuyekeze kafushane umlando wocwaningo wokusetshenziswa kwe-formic acid, lafingqa inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwakamuva lwe-formic acid njenge-reagent esebenza kahle futhi enezinjongo eziningi kanye nempahla eluhlaza ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali nokuguqulwa okunamandla kwe-biomass, futhi yaqhathanisa futhi yahlaziya isimiso esiyisisekelo kanye nohlelo lwe-catalytic. yokusebenzisa ukwenza kusebenze i-formic acid ukuze kuzuzwe ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali okusebenzayo. Kuvezwa ukuthi ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ye-formic kanye nokuqaphela ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kokukhetha, futhi kuqhubeke nokwandisa insimu yokusetshenziswa kwayo ngalesi sisekelo.
Ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali, i-formic acid, njenge-reagent yemvelo enobungani futhi evuselelekayo esebenzayo, ingasetshenziswa ekuguquleni okukhethiwe kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzayo. Njenge-agent yokudlulisa i-hydrogen noma i-ejenti yokunciphisa enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen, i-formic acid inezinzuzo zokusebenza okulula nokulawulekayo, izimo ezithambile kanye nokukhetha okuhle kwamakhemikhali uma kuqhathaniswa ne-hydrogen yendabuko. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuncishisweni okukhethiwe kwama-aldehydes, i-nitro, imines, ama-nitriles, ama-alkynes, ama-alkenes nokunye ukukhiqiza utshwala obuhambisanayo, ama-amine, ama-alkenes nama-alkanes. Futhi i-hydrolysis kanye neqembu elisebenzayo lokuvinjelwa kotshwala nama-epoxides. Uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-C1 impahla eluhlaza, njenge-reagent eyisisekelo enezinjongo eziningi, i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi ekunciphiseni ukwakhiwa kwe-quinoline derivatives, i-formylation kanye ne-methylation ye-amine compounds, i-carbonylation ye-olefin. kanye nokunciphisa i-hydration yama-alkynes nokunye ukusabela kwe-multistage tandem, okuyindlela ebalulekile yokufeza ukuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza okusebenzayo nokulula kokuhle nokuyinkimbinkimbi. ama-molecule e-organic. Inselele yezinqubo ezinjalo ukuthola ama-catalysts asebenzayo ngokukhetha okuphezulu nomsebenzi wokwenza kusebenze okulawulwayo kwe-formic acid kanye namaqembu athile asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-formic acid njenge-C1 impahla eluhlaza kungase futhi kuhlanganise ngokuqondile amakhemikhali ayinqwaba njenge-methanol ngokukhetha okuphezulu ngokusabela kokungalingani kwe-catalytic disproportionation.
Ekuguquleni okunamandla kwe-biomass, izakhiwo ezisebenzayo ze-formic acid zinikeza ithuba lokufezeka kwezinqubo ze-biorefining eziluhlaza, eziphephile nezingabizi kakhulu. Imithombo ye-biomass ingenye yezinsiza ezinkulu nezithembisayo kakhulu ezisimeme, kodwa ukuziguqula zibe amafomu ezinsiza ezisebenzisekayo kusalokhu kuyinselele. Izakhiwo ze-asidi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokuncibilika kwe-formic acid zingasetshenziswa enqubweni yokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-biomass ukuze kubonakale ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ze-lignocellulose kanye nokukhipha i-cellulose. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu yokwelapha ye-asidi ye-inorganic, inobuhle bephuzu elibilisayo eliphansi, ukuhlukaniswa kalula, akukho singeniso sama-ion wezinto ezingaphili, kanye nokuhambisana okuqinile kokusabela kwe-downstream. Njengomthombo we-hydrogen osebenza kahle, i-formic acid nayo iye yacutshungulwa kabanzi futhi yasetshenziswa ekukhetheni ukuguqulwa kwe-catalytic kwezinhlanganisela zeplathifomu ye-biomass ibe amakhemikhali anenani eliphakeme kakhulu, ukuwohloka kwe-lignin kuma-aromatics compounds, kanye nezinqubo zokucwenga i-bio-oil hydrodeoxidation. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yendabuko ye-hydrogenation encike ku-H2, i-fomic acid inokuguqulwa okuphezulu okusebenzayo kanye nezimo zokusabela ezithambile. Ilula futhi iphephile, futhi inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemithombo yezinto ezimbiwa phansi enqubweni ehlobene yokucwengisiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ngokususa i-lignin ene-oxidized ku-formic acid aqueous solution ngaphansi kwezimo ezithambile, isixazululo esinephunga elimnandi se-molecular esinesilinganiso sesisindo esingaphezu kuka-60% singatholakala. Lokhu kutholwa okusha kuletha amathuba amasha okukhishwa okuqondile kwamakhemikhali anamakha anenani eliphezulu ku-lignin.
Kafushane, i-bio-based formic acid ikhombisa amandla amakhulu ekuhlanganiseni kwe-organic organic kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-biomass, futhi ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nezinjongo eziningi kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhetha okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo eqondiwe. Njengamanje, lo mkhakha wenze izimpumelelo ezithile futhi usuthuthukiswe ngokushesha, kodwa kusenebanga elide ukusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwezimboni, futhi ukuhlola okwengeziwe kuyadingeka. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lugxile kulezi zici ezilandelayo: (1) indlela yokukhetha izinsimbi ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo nezinhlelo zokusabela zokusabela okuthile; (2) ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ngempumelelo nangokulawuleka i-formic acid uma kukhona ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa nama-reagents; (3) Indlela yokuqonda indlela yokusabela yokusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi kusuka ezingeni lamangqamuzana; (4) Indlela yokuzinzisa i-catalyst ehambisanayo ohlelweni olufanele. Sibheke phambili esikhathini esizayo, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomphakathi wanamuhla ngendawo yemvelo, umnotho kanye nentuthuko esimeme, i-formic acid chemistry izothola ukunakwa okwengeziwe nocwaningo oluvela embonini nasezifundweni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-19-2024