【Umehluko】
Iphuzu elincibilikayo le-acetic acid ehlanzekile kakhulu lingu-16.7 degrees, ngakho i-acetic acid izokwakha iqhwa ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa liphansi, futhi libizwa ngokuthi i-glacial acetic acid. I-acetic acid yigama elijwayelekile, ingaba ubumsulwa obuphezulu, ingaba nobumsulwa obuphansi. I-glacial acetic acid ne-acetic acid yizinto ezifanayo, ezinephunga elinamandla elibukhali, umehluko kuphela ukuthi iqinile, i-acetic acid ngokuvamile iwuketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa elingu-20 ° C, futhi ngokuvamile iqinile ekushiseni okuphansi kwe-16 ° C, ebizwa nangokuthi i-glacial acetic acid.
I-glacial acetic acid (i-pure matter), okungukuthi, i-anhydrous acetic acid, i-acetic acid ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ze-organic acid, izinhlanganisela eziphilayo. Iqina ibe yiqhwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ngokuvamile yaziwa ngokuthi i-glacial acetic acid. Ukunwetshwa kwevolumu ngesikhathi sokuqina kungase kubangele ukuthi isiqukathi siqhume. Iphuzu elikhanyayo lingu-39℃, umkhawulo wokuqhuma ngu-4.0% ~ 16.0%, futhi ukugxila okuvunyelwe emoyeni akudluli ku-25mg/m3. I-acetic acid ehlanzekile izoba yiqhwa ibe amakristalu afana neqhwa ngaphansi kwendawo encibilikayo, ngakho-ke i-acetic acid enganamanzi ibizwa nangokuthi i-glacial acetic acid.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acetic acid iyi-ejenti yokunambitha ye-asidi yokuqala futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu e-China. I-acetic acid (36% -38%), i-glacial acetic acid (98%), ifomula yamakhemikhali CH3COOH, i-organic monic acid, ingxenye eyinhloko kaviniga.
【Inqubo】
I-acetic acid ingalungiswa ngokwenziwa kokwenziwa kanye nokuvutshelwa kwebhaktheriya. I-Biosynthesis, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bacterium fermentation, yenza u-10% kuphela womkhiqizo ophelele emhlabeni, kodwa kuseyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhiqiza i-acetic acid, ikakhulukazi uviniga, ngoba imithetho yokuphepha kokudla emazweni amaningi idinga ukuthi uviniga ekudleni kufanele ulungiswe ngu. izindlela zebhayoloji, kanye nokuvutshelwa kuhlukaniswe ukuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic kanye nokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic.
(1) Indlela yokuvutshelwa kwe-Aerobic
Lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo owanele, amabhaktheriya e-Acetobacter angakhiqiza i-acetic acid ekudleni okuqukethe utshwala. Ngokuvamile i-cider noma iwayini elixutshwe nokusanhlamvu, i-malt, irayisi noma amazambane liyagaywa futhi liyavutshelwa. Lezi zinto zingavutshelwa zibe i-acetic lapho kukhona i-enzayimu enamandla ngaphansi komoyampilo.
(2) indlela yokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic
Amanye amabhaktheriya e-anaerobic, kuhlanganise namanye amalungu ohlobo lweClostridium, ayakwazi ukuguqula ushukela ngqo ku-acetic acid ngaphandle kwesidingo se-ethanol njengendawo ephakathi. I-Sucrose ingavutshelwa ibe yi-acetic acid lapho ungekho umoya-mpilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhaktheriya amaningi ayakwazi ukukhiqiza i-acetic acid ezintweni eziqukethe ikhabhoni eyodwa kuphela, njenge-methanol, i-carbon monoxide, noma ingxube yesikhutha ne-hydrogen.
【Uhlelo lokusebenza】
1. Okuphuma ku-acetic acid: ikakhulukazi okusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-acetic anhydride, i-acetate, i-terephthalic acid, i-vinyl acetate/i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-cellulose acetate, i-ketenone, i-chloroacetic acid, i-halogenated acetic acid, njll.
2. Umuthi: I-acetic acid, njenge-solvent kanye nemithi eluhlaza, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-penicillin G potassium, i-penicillin G sodium, i-procaine penicillin, amaphilisi e-antipyretic, i-sulfadiazine, i-sulfamethylisoxazole, i-norfloxacin, i-ciprofloxacin, i-acetylsalicylic acid, i-phenacetin, i-prednisocetin , i-caffeine nokunye okuphakathi: i-acetate, i-sodium i-diacetate, i-peracetic acid, njll
3. Ukuphrinta kwe-pigment kanye nendwangu yokudaya: isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni odayi abahlakazayo nodayi be-VAT, kanye nokuphrinta kwezindwangu kanye nokucubungula ukudaya
4. I-synthetic ammonia: Isesimweni se-copper acetate ammonia liquid, esetshenziswa njengegesi ecwengiwe yokuhlanganisa ukususa inani elincane le-CO ne-CO2 equkethwe kuyo.
5. Ezithombeni: Iresiphi yonjiniyela
6. Kurabha yemvelo: isetshenziswa njenge-coagulant
7. Imboni yokwakha: njenge-anticoagulant
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi ekwelapheni amanzi, imicu yokwenziwa, izibulala-zinambuzane, amapulasitiki, isikhumba, okokugqoka, ukucutshungulwa kwensimbi kanye nemboni yenjoloba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-18-2024