Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokushoda okwandayo kwemithombo yezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokuwohloka kwendawo ehlala abantu, ukusetshenziswa kahle nokusimeme kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo njenge-biomass sekugxilwe ocwaningweni nokunaka kososayensi emhlabeni jikelele.I-Formic acid, enye yemikhiqizo eyinhloko ekwenziweni kwe-biorefining, inezici zokushibhile nokutholakala kalula, ezingenabo ubuthi, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, okuvuselelekayo nokuwohlokayo, njll. inkambu yesicelo yei-formic acid, kodwa futhi kusiza ukuxazulula ezinye izinkinga ezivamile zebhodlela kubuchwepheshe be-biorefining obuzayo. Leli phepha libuyekeze kafushane umlando wocwaningo lwe i-formic acid ukusetshenziswa, kufinyezwe inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwakamuvai-formic acid njenge-reagent esebenza kahle futhi enezinjongo eziningi kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali nokuguqulwa kwe-catalytic kwe-biomass, futhi yaqhathanisa futhi yahlaziya isimiso esiyisisekelo kanye nesistimu ye-catalytic yokusebenzisa. i-formic acid ukwenza kusebenze ukuze kuzuzwe ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali okusebenzayo. Kuvezwa ukuthi ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ye-formic kanye nokuqaphela ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kokukhetha, futhi kuqhubeke nokwandisa insimu yokusetshenziswa kwayo ngalesi sisekelo.
Ku-chemical synthesis,i-formic acid, njenge-reagent enobungani bemvelo nevuselelekayo enemisebenzi eminingi, ingasetshenziswa kunqubo ekhethiwe yokuguqula yamaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzayo. Njenge-reagent yokudlulisa i-hydrogen noma i-ejenti yokunciphisa enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen,i-formic acid inezinzuzo zokusebenza okulula nokulawulekayo, izimo ezithambile kanye nokukhetha okuhle kwamakhemikhali uma kuqhathaniswa ne-hydrogen yendabuko. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuncishisweni okukhethiwe kwama-aldehydes, i-nitro, imines, ama-nitriles, ama-alkynes, ama-alkenes nokunye ukukhiqiza utshwala obuhambisanayo, ama-amine, ama-alkenes nama-alkanes. Futhi i-hydrolysis kanye neqembu elisebenzayo lokuvinjelwa kotshwala nama-epoxides. Ngokubheka iqiniso lokuthii-formic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-C1 impahla eluhlaza, njenge-reagent eyisisekelo yezinjongo eziningi,i-formic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi ekunciphiseni ukwenziwa kwe-quinoline derivatives, i-formylation kanye ne-methylation yama-amine compounds, i-carbonylation ye-olefin kanye nokunciphisa ukugeleza kwe-alkynes nokunye ukusabela kwe-multistage tandem, okuyindlela ebalulekile yokufeza ukuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza okusebenzayo nokulula kwe-organic and complex organic. ama-molecule. Inselele yezinqubo ezinjalo ukuthola ama-catalyst asebenzayo ngokukhetha okuphezulu nomsebenzi wokwenza kusebenze okulawulwayo. i-formic acid kanye namaqembu athile asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-formic acid njenge-C1 impahla eluhlaza kungase futhi kuhlanganise ngokuqondile amakhemikhali ayinqwaba njenge-methanol ngokukhetha okuphezulu ngokusabela kokungalingani kwe-catalytic disproportionation.
Ekuguqulweni kwe-catalytic ye-biomass, izakhiwo ezisebenzayo ze-i-formic acidukunikeza ithuba lokufezeka kwezinqubo ze-biorefining eziluhlaza, eziphephile nezingabizi kakhulu. Imithombo ye-biomass ingenye yezinsiza ezinkulu nezithembisayo kakhulu ezisimeme, kodwa ukuziguqula zibe amafomu ezinsiza ezisebenzisekayo kusalokhu kuyinselele. Izakhiwo ze-asidi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokuncibilika kwe-formic acid zingasetshenziswa enqubweni yokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-biomass ukuze kubonakale ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ze-lignocellulose kanye nokukhipha i-cellulose. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu yokwelapha ye-asidi ye-inorganic, inobuhle bephuzu elibilisayo eliphansi, ukuhlukaniswa kalula, akukho singeniso sama-ion wezinto ezingaphili, kanye nokuhambisana okuqinile kokusabela kwe-downstream. Njengomthombo we-hydrogen osebenzayo,i-formic acid iye yacutshungulwa futhi yasetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhetheni ukuguqulwa kwe-catalytic kwezinhlanganisela zeplathifomu ye-biomass ibe amakhemikhali anenani eliphakeme kakhulu, ukuwohloka kwe-lignin ibe izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi, kanye nezinqubo zokucwenga i-bio-oil hydrodeoxidation. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yendabuko ye-hydrogenation encike ku-H2, i-formic acid inokuguqulwa okuphezulu okusebenzayo kanye nezimo zokusabela ezithambile. Ilula futhi iphephile, futhi inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemithombo yezinto ezimbiwa phansi enqubweni ehlobene yokucwengisiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ngokususa i-lignin ene-oxidizedi-formic acid isixazululo esinamanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithambile, isisombululo esinesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana esinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-60% singatholakala. Lokhu kutholwa okusha kuletha amathuba amasha okukhishwa okuqondile kwamakhemikhali anamakha anenani eliphezulu ku-lignin.
Kafushane, i-bio-based i-formic acidikhombisa amandla amakhulu ekuhlanganiseni okuluhlaza okotshani kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-biomass, futhi ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nezinjongo eziningi kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhetha okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo eqondiwe. Njengamanje, lo mkhakha wenze izimpumelelo ezithile futhi usuthuthukiswe ngokushesha, kodwa kusenebanga elide ukusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwezimboni, futhi ukuhlola okwengeziwe kuyadingeka. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lugxile kulezi zici ezilandelayo: (1) indlela yokukhetha izinsimbi ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo nezinhlelo zokusabela zokusabela okuthile; (2) ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ngempumelelo nangokulawuleka i-formic acid phambi kwezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa nama-reagents; (3) Indlela yokuqonda indlela yokusabela yokusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi kusuka ezingeni lamangqamuzana; (4) Indlela yokuzinzisa i-catalyst ehambisanayo ohlelweni olufanele. Sibheke phambili esikhathini esizayo, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomphakathi wanamuhla ngendawo yemvelo, umnotho kanye nentuthuko esimeme, i-formic acid chemistry izothola ukunakwa okwengeziwe nocwaningo oluvela embonini nasezifundweni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-27-2024